Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1
نویسنده
چکیده
Background and structure Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is one of 6 members of the subfamily of vanilloid receptors that belongs to the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are an intrinsic part of the mammalian sensory system responding to a broad range of stimuli such as temperature, touch, pain, osmolarity, pheromones, and taste (8). TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 are all involved in thermoactivation. These channels share a similar structure with 6 putative transmembrane domains, a loop structure between transmembrane regions 5 and 6 believed to be involved in pore formation, ankyrin repeats, and both the Nand C-termini located in the cytoplasm (8, 41). TRPV1 plays an important role in nociception and was the first of the TRPV family channels to be cloned. TRPV1 was cloned using capsaicin, the pungent component of hot chili pepper, by screening an expression cDNA library of dorsal root ganglia (5). TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel and can be activated by numerus stimuli such as vanilloids (capsaicin, resiniferatoxin), low pH, elevated temperature (10), endogenous lipoxygenases (leukotriene B4, 12or 15-HPETE) (24), endogenous anandamide (40) and ethanol (43). In addition, ethanol can potentiate the effects of capsaicin, protons and heat. TRPV1 is broadly distributed. It is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, in small sensory C fibers and some Aδ fibers. It is also detectable in brain, spinal cord, bladder, kidney, liver, spleen, testis, lung and bowel (17).
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